Patients who develop signs of pseudomembranous colitis after starting amoxicillin (diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and possibly shock) should contact their doctor immediately. Low platelet ( thrombocytopenia) or red blood cell countĪmoxicillin can alter the normal bacteria in the colon and encourage overgrowth of some bacteria such as Clostridium difficile, which causes inflammation of the colon (pseudomembranous colitis).Severe allergic reactions ( anaphylaxis).
People who are allergic to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics, which are related to the penicillins, for example, cefaclor (Ceclor), cephalexin ( Keflex), and cefprozil ( Cefzil), may or may not be allergic to penicillins. Treatment with nitrofurantoin can cause urine to change color to a dark yellow or brown. Elevated liver enzymes indicate liver damage and are a reason to stop the drug. Nitrofurantoin also can cause liver damage leading to jaundice or a form of hepatitis that can be fatal. This reaction occurs most frequently in persons with a deficiency of an enzyme called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that is very important to the survival of red blood cells. Reduced red blood cell count ( anemia) by breaking red blood cells (hemolytic anemia) can occur from nitrofurantoin. The condition can become severe and is more likely to occur in people with diabetes, vitamin B deficiency, or general debilitation. Nitrofurantoin can also cause damage to the sensory nerves of the arms and legs ( peripheral neuropathy), which can cause tingling in the extremities. Unless it is recognized and treated, this delayed lung injury can result in permanent lung damage that remains even after the drug is stopped. In other individuals, lung injury may not develop until after several months or years of therapy. Symptoms include:įortunately, the symptoms usually resolve within a week if the medication is stopped. In other persons, lung injury may occur after approximately a month of treatment.
The reaction can occur within hours of the start of treatment if the patient has previously received nitrofurantoin, or within a few days of starting nitrofurantoin for the first time. Nitrofurantoin can cause serious lung injury. Stomach upset also can be minimized by using a lower dose or by taking nitrofurantoin with food or milk. The macrocrystalline form (Macrodantin) appears to cause less stomach upset. What are the side effects of nitrofurantoin and amoxicillin? NitrofurantoinĬommon side effects of nitrofurantoin include: Amoxicillin is used to treat infections of the middle ear, tonsils, throat, larynx ( laryngitis), bronchi ( bronchitis), lungs ( pneumonia), urinary tract, and skin. coli, Pneumococci, Streptococci, and certain strains of Staphylococci. Amoxicillin is effective against many different bacteria including H. Bacteria cannot survive without a cell wall, which protects the bacteria from their environment and keeps the contents of the bacterial cell together. Penicillin-type antibiotics all do not directly kill bacteria, but they stop bacteria from multiplying by preventing them from forming the walls that surround them. The macrocrystalline form is absorbed more slowly than the microcrystalline form and is useful for individuals who cannot tolerate the microcrystalline form.Īmoxicillin is a penicillin-type antibiotic, a drug class that also includes ampicillin (Unasyn), piperacillin (Pipracil), ticarcillin (Ticar), and others. There are three forms of nitrofurantoin available: Furadantin, a microcrystalline form Macrodantin, a macrocrystalline and Macrobid, a sustained release form of macrocrystalline used twice daily. Bacteria are unable to survive without a cell wall or to multiply without DNA. It interferes with the production of bacterial proteins, DNA, and cell walls. Coli, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter cystitis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic specially used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by a number of types of bacteria such as E.
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